This post is a reflection on the seeming fork in the Road at Emmaus:
One road leads down a path where the Eucharist is merely a sign, though very significant, of Jesus’s Sacrifice and a remembrance of Him.
The other road leads down a path where partaking in the Eucharist is partaking in the very Body of Jesus Himself.
| Ignatius of Antioch |
“Take note of those who hold heterodox opinions on the grace of Jesus Christ which has come to us, and see how contrary their opinions are to the mind of God. . . . They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer because they do not confess that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, flesh which suffered for our sins and which that Father, in his goodness, raised up again. They who deny the gift of God are perishing in their disputes” (Letter to the Smyrnaeans 6:2–7:1 [A.D. 110]).
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| Justin Martyr |
“We call this food Eucharist, and no one else is permitted to partake of it, except one who believes our teaching to be true and who has been washed in the washing which is for the remission of sins and for regeneration [i.e., has received baptism] and is thereby living as Christ enjoined. For not as common bread nor common drink do we receive these; but since Jesus Christ our Savior was made incarnate by the word of God and had both flesh and blood for our salvation, so too, as we have been taught, the food which has been made into the Eucharist by the Eucharistic prayer set down by him, and by the change of which our blood and flesh is nurtured, is both the flesh and the blood of that incarnated Jesus” (First Apology 66 [A.D. 151]).
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| Irenaeus |
“If the Lord were from other than the Father, how could he rightly take bread, which is of the same creation as our own, and confess it to be his body and affirm that the mixture in the cup is his blood?” (Against Heresies 4:33–32 [A.D. 189]).
“He has declared the cup, a part of creation, to be his own blood, from which he causes our blood to flow; and the bread, a part of creation, he has established as his own body, from which he gives increase unto our bodies. When, therefore, the mixed cup [wine and water] and the baked bread receives the Word of God and becomes the Eucharist, the body of Christ, and from these the substance of our flesh is increased and supported, how can they say that the flesh is not capable of receiving the gift of God, which is eternal life—flesh which is nourished by the body and blood of the Lord, and is in fact a member of him?” (ibid., 5:2).
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So these were the quotes that pretty much broke me. Never mind everyone else who came after them affirming this position as well. These guys were forming the early church, and there is no question of their faith in Jesus physically present in the Eucharist. All the Protestant arguments about the Eucharist being just “a symbol” could not convince me otherwise: the early fathers say so… how could they get this wrong? To get it wrong is to perpetuate the worst form of idolatry known to mankind let alone Christianity. So, I cannot believe that this teaching is just a simple (or even grevious) error in understanding or judgement by our forefathers: they believed it deliberately, as they were taught, and professed it in faith. Just as I was receiving this teaching from them, they had received it from the Apostles (Ignatius particularly studied under John according to his own letters).
To really get at the heart of the matter, you have to start asking: what, then, is the purpose of the Real Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist? What about this tradition makes it so important that I, a Protestant, cannot partake of it? Why would my Protestant forefathers reject it?
Well, the best that I could ever establish to the last question was that the Real Presence just makes no sense: it violates human sense and human reason. Why would God put such a stumbling block up? To that I can only say this: if reason is what keeps you from believing, then are your objections truly grounded in faith and belief? Or is it not that you are objecting to something that deliberately transcends reason and sense and thus requires a true, unreasonable, yet harmless belief?
The last part of that question leads into the purpose and role of the Real Presence in the Eucharist: what is the point? To paraphrase any number of Protestant friends I know on their take on this: sure, believe in the Eucharist and all that other fantastic fancy-shmancy stuff. It’s not like it does you any good even if it were true.
But doesn’t it?!?! I mean, c’mon people, we’re talking about JESUS. This same Lord - that is our means and hopes for Salvation - has, is, and ever will be made present every day around the world in the Eucharist. Is it wise of us to dismiss out of hand this belief as being of no benefit? I cannot see how!!
And so, we’re left to consider of what benefit is the Eucharist: is it more than some highfalutin idea that makes us feel good about our Savior being among us?
And I daresay, yes, even from my own casual meditation on the Eucharist before I began really studying what it is that it means. These are some of the things I have found to be of benefit:
- The Cool Factor: C’mon, it’s just cool. You want a relationship with Christ? You’ve got one. One that you can see. One that you can touch. One that you can devour. One that very personally partakes in the sacrifice that Jesus made for us back in the day, today. In short, it draws us closer to Christ and, in some sense, makes our relationship closer and more personal.
- The Body of Christ: In partaking in the Eucharist, we become what we eat, not just individually but also corporately. There has always been a mystery in my mind what the universal Church is: how it is revealed by the Church to the Church for the Church. It is in this, the partaking of Christ’s own Body that we all have that very real and visible uniting bond. The reality of the One Body in Christ we all wonder about time to time, the Eucharist makes real and serves also as a symbol of that reality.
- The Passover Meal: The Jews in the Passover Meal partake in the flesh and blood of their most perfect lamb. God’s wrath passes over them because this mark of faithfulness is upon them. The Eucharist not only symbolizes this same event to us today, it makes it real for us today and perfects the covenant and the sign of that covenant that God instituted with God’s people then in Egypt.
And from there we return to what the Early Father’s taught. My above sentiments are pretty much in line with them. Augustine especially was all into how the Eucharist brings the Church together into the Mystical Body. It unites us with the poor considering that Jesus, at the time of His Sacrifice, was the poorest among men (John Chrysostom). In drawing us closer to Christ, it helps prepare us with our struggle against sin.
Looking back over this post, I’ve probably done more to reflect on what I stuck with than with the real struggle I went through… but the struggle wasn’t so much in the learning and the debate. I mean, really, there is no debate in light of history: the early Church wins hands down every time. The struggle was with overcoming my preconceptions of what the Eucharist is, faithfully learning the faith of the early Church, and trying to reconcile myself with my faith being at odds with the early Church. In the end, I did not have to so much abandon my faith as much as I had to add to it… but there are some core things that, flowing out of studying the early Church, I had to change.
And the Eucharist is where it all started, and I don’t find that insignificant. It makes sense that all that I believe would change, not over bread and wine, but over Jesus: really, truly present in substance in the Eucharist.
“The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ?” (1 Cor. 10:16)
“Therefore whoever eats the bread and drinks the cup of the Lord unworthily will have to answer for the body and blood of the Lord. . . . For any one who eats and drinks without discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself” (1 Cor. 11:27, 29)